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Question 1:

A company has an on-premises MySQL database used by the global tales team with infrequent access patterns. The sales team requires the database to have minimal downtime. A database administrate wants to migrate this database to AWS without selecting a particular instance type in anticipation of more users In the future.

Which service should a solutions architect recommend?

A. Amazon Aurora MySQL

B. Amazon Aurora Serverless tor MySQL

C. Amazon Redshift Spectrum

D. Amazon RDS for MySQL

Correct Answer: B

Amazon Aurora Serverless for MySQL is a fully managed, auto-scaling relational database service that scales up or down automatically based on the application demand. This service provides all the capabilities of Amazon Aurora, such as high availability, durability, and security, without requiring the customer to provision any database instances.

With Amazon Aurora Serverless for MySQL, the sales team can enjoy minimal downtime since the database is designed to automatically scale to accommodate the increased traffic. Additionally, the service allows the customer to pay only for the capacity used, making it cost-effective for infrequent access patterns.

Amazon RDS for MySQL could also be an option, but it requires the customer to select an instance type, and the database administrator would need to monitor and adjust the instance size manually to accommodate the increasing traffic.


Question 2:

A company uses multiple vendors to distribute digital assets that are stored in Amazon S3 buckets The company wants to ensure that its vendor AWS accounts have the minimum access that is needed to download objects in these S3 buckets

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

A. Design a bucket policy that has anonymous read permissions and permissions to list ail buckets.

B. Design a bucket policy that gives read-only access to users. Specify 1AM entities as principals

C. Create a cross-account 1AM role that has a read-only access policy specified for the 1AM role.

D. Create a user policy and vendor user groups that give read-only access to vendor users

Correct Answer: C

A cross-account IAM role is a way to grant users from one AWS account access to resources in another AWS account. The cross-account IAM role can have a read-only access policy attached to it, which allows the users to download objects from the S3 buckets without modifying or deleting them. The cross-account IAM role also reduces the operational overhead of managing multiple IAM users and policies in each account. The cross-account IAM role meets all the requirements of the question, while the other options do not. References: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/example-walkthroughs- managing-access- example2.html https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/storage/setting-up-cross-account-amazon-s3- access-with-s3-access- points/ https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_roles_create_for- user_externalid.html


Question 3:

A medical records company is hosting an application on Amazon EC2 instances. The application processes customer data files that are stored on Amazon S3. The EC2 instances are hosted in public subnets. The EC2 instances access Amazon S3 over the internet, but they do not require any other network access.

A new requirement mandates that the network traffic for file transfers take a private route and not be sent over the internet.

Which change to the network architecture should a solutions architect recommend to meet this requirement?

A. Create a NAT gateway. Configure the route table for the public subnets to send traffic to Amazon S3 through the NAT gateway.

B. Configure the security group for the EC2 instances to restrict outbound traffic so that only traffic to the S3 prefix list is permitted.

C. Move the EC2 instances to private subnets. Create a VPC endpoint for Amazon S3, and link the endpoint to the route table for the private subnets D. Remove the internet gateway from the VPC. Set up an AWS Direct Connect connection, and route traffic to Amazon S3 over the Direct Connect connection.

Correct Answer: C

Application must be moved in Private subnet. This is a prerequisite in using VPC endpoints with S3 https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/storage/managing-amazon-s3-access-with-vpc-endpoints-and-s3-access-points/


Question 4:

A company recently deployed a new auditing system to centralize information about operating system versions patching and installed software for Amazon EC2 instances. A solutions architect must ensure all instances provisioned through EC2 Auto Scaling groups successfully send reports to the auditing system as soon as they are launched and terminated

Which solution achieves these goals MOST efficiently?

A. Use a scheduled AWS Lambda function and run a script remotely on all EC2 instances to send data to the audit system.

B. Use EC2 Auto Scaling lifecycle hooks to run a custom script to send data to the audit system when instances are launched and terminated

C. Use an EC2 Auto Scaling launch configuration to run a custom script through user data to send data to the audit system when instances are launched and terminated

D. Run a custom script on the instance operating system to send data to the audit system Configure the script to be invoked by the EC2 Auto Scaling group when the instance starts and is terminated

Correct Answer: B

Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling offers the ability to add lifecycle hooks to your Auto Scaling groups. These hooks let you create solutions that are aware of events in the Auto Scaling instance lifecycle, and then perform a custom action on instances when the corresponding lifecycle event occurs. (https://docs.aws.amazon.com/autoscaling/ec2/userguide/lifecycle-hooks.html)


Question 5:

A manufacturing company has machine sensors that upload .csv files to an Amazon S3 bucket. These .csv files must be converted into images and must be made available as soon as possible for the automatic generation of graphical

reports.

The images become irrelevant after 1 month, but the .csv files must be kept to train machine learning (ML) models twice a year. The ML trainings and audits are planned weeks in advance.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively? (Choose two.)

A. Launch an Amazon EC2 Spot Instance that downloads the .csv files every hour, generates the image files, and uploads the images to the S3 bucket.

B. Design an AWS Lambda function that converts the .csv files into images and stores the images in the S3 bucket. Invoke the Lambda function when a .csv file is uploaded.

C. Create S3 Lifecycle rules for .csv files and image files in the S3 bucket. Transition the .csv files from S3 Standard to S3 Glacier 1 day after they are uploaded. Expire the image files after 30 days.

D. Create S3 Lifecycle rules for .csv files and image files in the S3 bucket. Transition the .csv files from S3 Standard to S3 One Zone-Infrequent Access (S3 One Zone-IA) 1 day after they are uploaded. Expire the image files after 30 days.

E. Create S3 Lifecycle rules for .csv files and image files in the S3 bucket. Transition the .csv files from S3 Standard to S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA) 1 day after they are uploaded. Keep the image files in Reduced Redundancy Storage (RRS).

Correct Answer: BC

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/amazonglacier/latest/dev/introduction.html


Question 6:

A company must migrate 20 TB of data from a data center to the AWS Cloud within 30 days. The company\’s network bandwidth is limited to 15 Mbps and cannot exceed 70% utilization. What should a solutions architect do to meet these requirements?

A. Use AWS Snowball.

B. Use AWS DataSync.

C. Use a secure VPN connection.

D. Use Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration.

Correct Answer: A

AWS Snowball is a secure data transport solution that accelerates moving large amounts of data into and out of the AWS cloud. It can move up to 80 TB of data at a time, and provides a network bandwidth of up to 50 Mbps, so it is well-suited for the task. Additionally, it is secure and easy to use, making it the ideal solution for this migration.


Question 7:

An ecommerce company needs to run a scheduled daily job to aggregate and filler sales records for analytics. The company stores the sales records in an Amazon S3 bucket. Each object can be up to 10 G6 in size Based on the number of sales events, the job can take up to an hour to complete. The CPU and memory usage of the fob are constant and are known in advance.

A solutions architect needs to minimize the amount of operational effort that is needed for the job to run.

Which solution meets these requirements?

A. Create an AWS Lambda function that has an Amazon EventBridge notification Schedule the EventBridge event to run once a day

B. Create an AWS Lambda function Create an Amazon API Gateway HTTP API, and integrate the API with the function Create an Amazon EventBridge scheduled avert that calls the API and invokes the function.

C. Create an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) duster with an AWS Fargate launch type. Create an Amazon EventBridge scheduled event that launches an ECS task on the cluster to run the job.

D. Create an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) duster with an Amazon EC2 launch type and an Auto Scaling group with at least one EC2 instance. Create an Amazon EventBridge scheduled event that launches an ECS task on the duster to run the job.

Correct Answer: C

The solution that meets the requirements with the least operational overhead is to create a **Regional AWS WAF web ACL with a rate-based rule** and associate the web ACL with the API Gateway stage. This solution will protect the application from HTTP flood attacks by monitoring incoming requests and blocking requests from IP addresses that exceed the predefined rate.

Amazon CloudFront distribution with Lambda@Edge in front of the API Gateway Regional API endpoint is also a good solution but it requires more operational overhead than the previous solution.

Using Amazon CloudWatch metrics to monitor the Count metric and alerting the security team when the predefined rate is reached is not a solution that can protect against HTTP flood attacks.

Creating an Amazon CloudFront distribution in front of the API Gateway Regional API endpoint with a maximum TTL of 24 hours is not a solution that can protect against HTTP flood attacks.


Question 8:

A company wants to migrate an Oracle database to AWS. The database consists of a single table that contains millions of geographic information systems (GIS) images that are high resolution and are identified by a geographic code.

When a natural disaster occurs tens of thousands of images get updated every few minutes. Each geographic code has a single image or row that is associated with it. The company wants a solution that is highly available and scalable during such events

Which solution meets these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

A. Store the images and geographic codes in a database table. Use Oracle running on an Amazon RDS Multi-AZ DB instance.

B. Store the images in Amazon S3 buckets. Use Amazon DynamoDB with the geographic code as the key and the image S3 URL as the value.

C. Store the images and geographic codes in an Amazon DynamoDB table. Configure DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) during times of high load.

D. Store the images in Amazon S3 buckets. Store geographic codes and image S3 URLs in a database table. Use Oracle running on an Amazon RDS Multi-AZ DB instance.

Correct Answer: D

Simple use case, highly available, and scalable -> Choose DynamoDB over RDS in terms of cost.


Question 9:

A company is using a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances to ingest data from on-premises data sources. The data is in JSON format and Ingestion rates can be as high as 1 MB/s. When an EC2 instance is rebooted, the data in-flight is lost. The company\’s data science team wants to query Ingested data In near-real time.

Which solution provides near-real-time data querying that is scalable with minimal data loss?

A. Publish data to Amazon Kinesis Data Streams Use Kinesis data Analytics to query the data.

B. Publish data to Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose with Amazon Redshift as the destination Use Amazon Redshift to query the data

C. Store ingested data m an EC2 Instance store Publish data to Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose with Amazon S3 as the destination. Use Amazon Athena to query the data.

D. Store ingested data m an Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume Publish data to Amazon ElastiCache tor Red Subscribe to the Redis channel to query the data

Correct Answer: A

Publishing data to Amazon Kinesis Data Streams can support ingestion rates as high as 1 MB/s and provide real-time data processing. Kinesis Data Analytics can query the ingested data in real-time with low latency, and the solution can scale as needed to accommodate increases in ingestion rates or querying needs. This solution also ensures minimal data loss in the event of an EC2 instance reboot since Kinesis Data Streams has a persistent data store for up to 7 days by default.


Question 10:

A company uses a 100 GB Amazon RDS for Microsoft SQL Server Single-AZ DB instance in the us-east-1 Region to store customer transactions. The company needs high availability and automate recovery for the DB instance.

The companu must also run reports on the RDS database several times a year. The report process causes transactions to take longer than usual to post to the customer` accounts.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

A. Modify the DB instance from a Single-AZ DB instance to a Multi-AZ deployment.

B. Take a snapshot of the current DB instance. Restore the snapshot to a new RDS deployment in another Availability Zone.

C. Create a read replica of the DB instance in a different Availability Zone. Point All requests for reports to the read replica.

D. Migrate the database to RDS Custom.

E. Use RDS Proxy to limit reporting requests to the maintenance window.

Correct Answer: AC

https://medium.com/awesome-cloud/aws-difference-between-multi-az-and-read-replicas-in-amazon-rds-60fe848ef53a


Question 11:

A company uses AWS Organizations. A member account has purchased a Compute Savings Plan. Because of changes in the workloads inside the member account, the account no longer receives the full benefit of the Compute Savings Plan commitment. The company uses less than 50% of its purchased compute power.

A. Turn on discount sharing from the Billing Preferences section of the account console in the member account that purchased the Compute Savings Plan.

B. Turn on discount sharing from the Billing Preferences section of the account console in the company\’s Organizations management account.

C. Migrate additional compute workloads from another AWS account to the account that has the Compute Savings Plan.

D. Sell the excess Savings Plan commitment in the Reserved Instance Marketplace.

Correct Answer: B

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/awsaccountbilling/latest/aboutv2/ri-turn-off.html Sign in to the AWS Management Console and open the AWS Billing console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/billing/ Note

Ensure you\’re logged in to the management account of your AWS Organizations.


Question 12:

A company is implementing a shared storage solution for a media application that is hosted m the AWS Cloud The company needs the ability to use SMB clients to access data The solution must he fully managed.

Which AWS solution meets these requirements?

A. Create an AWS Storage Gateway volume gateway. Create a file share that uses the required client protocol Connect the application server to the file share.

B. Create an AWS Storage Gateway tape gateway Configure (apes to use Amazon S3 Connect the application server lo the tape gateway

C. Create an Amazon EC2 Windows instance Install and configure a Windows file share role on the instance. Connect the application server to the file share.

D. Create an Amazon FSx for Windows File Server tile system Attach the fie system to the origin server. Connect the application server to the file system

Correct Answer: D

Amazon FSx has native support for Windows file system features and for the industry-standard Server Message Block (SMB) protocol to access file storage over a network.

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/fsx/latest/WindowsGuide/what-is.html


Question 13:

A company has applications hosted on Amazon EC2 instances with IPv6 addresses. The applications must initiate communications with other external applications using the internet. However the company\’s security policy states that any external service cannot initiate a connection to the EC2 instances.

What should a solutions architect recommend to resolve this issue?

A. Create a NAT gateway and make it the destination of the subnet\’s route table

B. Create an internet gateway and make it the destination of the subnet\’s route table

C. Create a virtual private gateway and make it the destination of the subnet\’s route table

D. Create an egress-only internet gateway and make it the destination of the subnet\’s route table

Correct Answer: D

An egress-only internet gateway (EIGW) is specifically designed for IPv6-only VPCs and provides outbound IPv6 internet access while blocking inbound IPv6 traffic. It satisfies the requirement of preventing external services from initiating connections to the EC2 instances while allowing the instances to initiate outbound communications.


Question 14:

A company uses 50 TB of data for reporting. The company wants to move this data from on premises to AWS A custom application in the company\’s data center runs a weekly data transformation job. The company plans to pause the application until the data transfer is complete and needs to begin the transfer process as soon as possible.

The data center does not have any available network bandwidth for additional workloads A solutions architect must transfer the data and must configure the transformation job to continue to run in the AWS Cloud

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

A. Use AWS DataSync to move the data Create a custom transformation job by using AWS Glue

B. Order an AWS Snowcone device to move the data Deploy the transformation application to the device

C. Order an AWS Snowball Edge Storage Optimized device. Copy the data to the device. Create a custom transformation job by using AWS Glue

D. Order an AWS D. Snowball Edge Storage Optimized device that includes Amazon EC2 compute Copy the data to the device Create a new EC2 instance on AWS to run the transformation application

Correct Answer: C


Question 15:

A company wants to build a logging solution for its multiple AWS accounts. The company currently stores the logs from all accounts in a centralized account. The company has created an Amazon S3 bucket in the centralized account to store the VPC flow logs and AWS CloudTrail logs. All logs must be highly available for 30 days for frequent analysis, retained for an additional 60 days for backup purposes, and deleted 90 days after creation.

Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

A. Transition objects to the S3 Standard storage class 30 days after creation. Write an expiration action that directs Amazon S3 to delete objects after 90 days.

B. Transition objects to the S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA) storage class 30 days after creation. Move all objects to the S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval storage class after 90 days. Write an expiration action that directs Amazon S3 to delete objects after 90 days.

C. Transition objects to the S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval storage class 30 days after creation. Write an expiration action that directs Amazon S3 to delete objects after 90 days.

D. Transition objects to the S3 One Zone-Infrequent Access (S3 One Zone-IA) storage class 30 days after creation. Move all objects to the S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval storage class after 90 days. Write an expiration action that directs

Amazon S3 to delete objects after 90 days.

Correct Answer: C

After 30 days is backup only, doesn\’t specify frequent access.

Therefor we must transition the items after 30 days to Glacier Flexible Retrieval.

Also it says deletion after 90 days, so all answers specifying a transition after 90 days makes no sense.